1.Basic Commands

• Connect to MySQL:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  mysql -u username -p
  

• Show Databases:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SHOW DATABASES;
  

• Create Database:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  CREATE DATABASE database_name;
  

• Use Database:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  USE database_name;
  

• Drop Database:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  DROP DATABASE database_name;
  

2.Table Management

• Show Tables:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SHOW TABLES;
  

• Create Table:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  CREATE TABLE table_name (
      column1 datatype,
      column2 datatype,
      ...
  );
  
  

• Describe Table Structure:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  DESCRIBE table_name;
  

• Drop Table:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  DROP TABLE table_name;
  

• Alter Table:
  • Add a column:
    
    Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

    
    ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
    

  • Modify a column:
    
    Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

    
    ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY column_name datatype;
    

  • Drop a column:
    
    Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

    
    ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name;
    

3.Data Manipulation

• Insert Data:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...) VALUES (value1, value2, ...);
  

• Select Data:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name WHERE condition;
  

• Update Data:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1 WHERE condition;
  

• Delete Data:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;
  

4.Querying Data

• Select All Rows:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT * FROM table_name;
  

• Filtering Results:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE column_name = 'value';
  

• Ordering Results:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name ASC|DESC;
  

• Limit Results:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT number;
  

• Distinct Values:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;
  

5.Aggregate Functions

• Count Rows:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;
  

• Sum Values:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name;
  

• Average Value:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM table_name;
  

• Minimum and Maximum:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT MIN(column_name) FROM table_name;
  SELECT MAX(column_name) FROM table_name;
  
  

6.Joins

• Inner Join:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT columns FROM table1
  INNER JOIN table2 ON table1.common_column = table2.common_column;
  
  

• Left Join:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT columns FROM table1
  LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.common_column = table2.common_column;
  
  

• Right Join:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT columns FROM table1
  RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.common_column = table2.common_column;
  
  

• Full Outer Join: (Not natively supported, but can be emulated)
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SELECT columns FROM table1
  LEFT JOIN table2 ON table1.common_column = table2.common_column
  UNION
  SELECT columns FROM table1
  RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.common_column = table2.common_column;
  
  

7.Indexes and Keys

• Create Index:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column_name);
  

• Drop Index:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name;
  

• Primary Key:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  CREATE TABLE table_name (
      id INT PRIMARY KEY,
      ...
  );
  
  

8.User Management

• Create User:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
  

• Grant Privileges:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'username'@'host';
  

• Show Grants for a User:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  SHOW GRANTS FOR 'username'@'host';
  

• Revoke Privileges:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* FROM 'username'@'host';
  

• Drop User:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  DROP USER 'username'@'host';
  

9.Backup and Restore

• • Backup Database:
    
    Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

    
    mysqldump -u username -p database_name > backup_file.sql
    

  • Restore Database:
    
    Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

    
    mysql -u username -p database_name < backup_file.sql
    

10.Quick Tips

• Use Comments:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  -- This is a comment
  /* This is a multi-line comment */
  
  

• Transactions:
  
  Copy Code Copied Use a different Browser

  
  START TRANSACTION;
  -- SQL statements
  COMMIT;  -- or ROLLBACK;